Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR 503 Mid Term Study Guide

04 August 2024

NR 503 Mid-Term Study Guide Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR 503 Mid-Term Study Guide

  • Review the objectives of each module.
  • Be able to apply concepts addressed in the objectives, integrating the relevant terminology.
  • Review assignments and their objectives, including discussion board content and written assignments.

Key Topics to Review:

  1. Define and Understand:
    • Population Health: The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group.
    • HP2020 Objectives and Goals: The national health promotion and disease prevention objectives aimed at improving the health of all Americans.
    • Epidemiology: The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems.
    • Aim of Epidemiology in Population Health: To identify risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare within populations.
  2. Morbidity, Mortality, Incidence, and Prevalence:
    • Understand and compare the different measures of morbidity (illness) and mortality (death).
    • Differentiate between incidence (new cases) and prevalence (existing cases).
  3. Understanding Cases:
    • Incidence and Prevalence:
      • Define: Incidence refers to the number of new cases, while prevalence refers to the total number of cases, both new and pre-existing, in a population at a specific time.
      • Importance of Data: Essential for measuring disease risk and understanding the burden of disease within a population.
      • Interpreting Findings: Recognize how these metrics inform public health decisions.
      • Relationship between Incidence, Prevalence, and Duration of Disease: High incidence with low mortality may increase prevalence.
      • Relationship between Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality: Interconnected factors that impact the burden of disease.
      • Examples: Be able to identify statistics representing incidence and prevalence rates.
  4. Surveillance:
    • Importance: Surveillance is crucial for ongoing assessment of public health and identifying emerging health issues.
    • Definition: The continuous, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data.
    • Passive vs. Active Surveillance:
      • Passive: Relies on healthcare providers to report cases.
      • Active: Involves proactive collection of data by public health authorities.
      • Examples: Be prepared to discuss advantages and disadvantages of each method.
    • Role of the NP: Surveillance is essential in the NP’s role in public health, contributing to the early detection of health trends.
  5. Measures of Mortality:
    • Understanding and Interpreting Mortality Data:
      • Importance of numerator (number of deaths) and denominator (population at risk) in calculating risk.
      • Absolute Number vs. Rate: Understand the difference and significance of each.
      • Mortality Rates: General and age-adjusted rates.
      • Case-Fatality Rate: The percentage of individuals diagnosed with a disease who die from that disease. Factors influencing this rate.
      • Proportionate Mortality Ratio: The proportion of deaths due to a specific cause.
      • Life-Table Analysis: Ability to describe and apply this method to calculate life expectancy and survival rates.
  6. Measures of Validity:
    • Sensitivity: The ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate).
    • Specificity: The ability of a test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate).
    • Characteristics of a Good Screening Test: Consider reliability, quality, validity, and how to choose an appropriate screening test.
  7. Improving Reliability of Screening Tests:
    • Understand methods to enhance the reliability and accuracy of screening tests.
  8. Disease Transmission and Outbreaks:
    • Attack Rate: The proportion of those exposed to an agent who develop the disease.
    • Modes of Disease Transmission: Understanding common terms and how diseases spread.
    • Epidemic Curve: Understanding the distribution in single-exposure, common-vehicle outbreaks.
    • Cross-Tabulation: Use tables to identify a source of an outbreak, including calculating and comparing attack rates in food-borne outbreaks.
    • Prevention Measures:
      • Primary: Preventing the initial development of a disease.
      • Secondary: Early detection and treatment to prevent progression.
      • Tertiary: Reducing the impact of an already established disease.
    • Herd Immunity: Differentiating it from other forms of immunity, focusing on community protection.