Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR 503 Mid Term Study Guide
04 August 2024NR 503 Mid-Term Study Guide Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR 503 Mid-Term Study Guide
- Review the objectives of each module.
- Be able to apply concepts addressed in the objectives, integrating the relevant terminology.
- Review assignments and their objectives, including discussion board content and written assignments.
Key Topics to Review:
- Define and Understand:
- Population Health: The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group.
- HP2020 Objectives and Goals: The national health promotion and disease prevention objectives aimed at improving the health of all Americans.
- Epidemiology: The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems.
- Aim of Epidemiology in Population Health: To identify risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare within populations.
- Morbidity, Mortality, Incidence, and Prevalence:
- Understand and compare the different measures of morbidity (illness) and mortality (death).
- Differentiate between incidence (new cases) and prevalence (existing cases).
- Understanding Cases:
- Incidence and Prevalence:
- Define: Incidence refers to the number of new cases, while prevalence refers to the total number of cases, both new and pre-existing, in a population at a specific time.
- Importance of Data: Essential for measuring disease risk and understanding the burden of disease within a population.
- Interpreting Findings: Recognize how these metrics inform public health decisions.
- Relationship between Incidence, Prevalence, and Duration of Disease: High incidence with low mortality may increase prevalence.
- Relationship between Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality: Interconnected factors that impact the burden of disease.
- Examples: Be able to identify statistics representing incidence and prevalence rates.
- Incidence and Prevalence:
- Surveillance:
- Importance: Surveillance is crucial for ongoing assessment of public health and identifying emerging health issues.
- Definition: The continuous, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data.
- Passive vs. Active Surveillance:
- Passive: Relies on healthcare providers to report cases.
- Active: Involves proactive collection of data by public health authorities.
- Examples: Be prepared to discuss advantages and disadvantages of each method.
- Role of the NP: Surveillance is essential in the NP’s role in public health, contributing to the early detection of health trends.
- Measures of Mortality:
- Understanding and Interpreting Mortality Data:
- Importance of numerator (number of deaths) and denominator (population at risk) in calculating risk.
- Absolute Number vs. Rate: Understand the difference and significance of each.
- Mortality Rates: General and age-adjusted rates.
- Case-Fatality Rate: The percentage of individuals diagnosed with a disease who die from that disease. Factors influencing this rate.
- Proportionate Mortality Ratio: The proportion of deaths due to a specific cause.
- Life-Table Analysis: Ability to describe and apply this method to calculate life expectancy and survival rates.
- Understanding and Interpreting Mortality Data:
- Measures of Validity:
- Sensitivity: The ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate).
- Specificity: The ability of a test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate).
- Characteristics of a Good Screening Test: Consider reliability, quality, validity, and how to choose an appropriate screening test.
- Improving Reliability of Screening Tests:
- Understand methods to enhance the reliability and accuracy of screening tests.
- Disease Transmission and Outbreaks:
- Attack Rate: The proportion of those exposed to an agent who develop the disease.
- Modes of Disease Transmission: Understanding common terms and how diseases spread.
- Epidemic Curve: Understanding the distribution in single-exposure, common-vehicle outbreaks.
- Cross-Tabulation: Use tables to identify a source of an outbreak, including calculating and comparing attack rates in food-borne outbreaks.
- Prevention Measures:
- Primary: Preventing the initial development of a disease.
- Secondary: Early detection and treatment to prevent progression.
- Tertiary: Reducing the impact of an already established disease.
- Herd Immunity: Differentiating it from other forms of immunity, focusing on community protection.