ATI Advanced MED SURG Proctored 2023 WITH Glasgow COMA Scale REAL EXAM

Escharotomy - Surgical procedure to remove dead tissue from burns, allowing for better healing and preventing further complications.

Fluid resuscitation - Administering fluids to replace lost volume in burn patients is crucial to prevent shock and maintain organ function.

Auscultate - Listening to sounds within the body using a stethoscope helps in diagnosing conditions like heart murmurs or lung abnormalities.

Pulse pressure - The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure; a vital indicator of heart function and stroke volume.

Full-thickness burns - Burns that extend through all layers of the skin, often requiring grafting and long-term care due to tissue destruction.

Central venous pressure - The pressure in the large veins near the heart reflects blood volume and heart function, critical in managing shock and heart failure.

Pulmonary artery pressure - Pressure in the pulmonary artery, which helps assess heart and lung function, especially in conditions like heart failure.

Severity of the burn - The degree of tissue damage caused by the burn determines treatment and recovery outcomes.

Deep partial-thickness chemical burns - Chemical burns that penetrate deep into the skin may require specialized treatment to prevent infection and promote healing.

Maintain a patent airway - Ensuring the airway remains open and unobstructed is a priority in emergency care, especially with burn or trauma patients.

Troponin - A heart muscle protein that appears in the bloodstream when there is damage to the heart, such as during a heart attack.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - A condition characterized by excessive clotting and bleeding, often seen in severe infections or trauma.

Warfarin (Coumadin) - A medication that prevents blood clots, requiring regular monitoring of blood levels to avoid bleeding complications.

Atrial fibrillation - An irregular heartbeat in the upper chambers of the heart, which can lead to stroke if not managed properly.

Acute heart failure - A sudden onset of heart failure symptoms, requiring immediate medical intervention to prevent organ damage.

Acute pancreatitis - Inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by alcohol abuse or gallstones, presenting with severe abdominal pain.

WBC (White blood cell count) - A measure of immune function, used to detect infections or inflammatory diseases.

Thoracentesis - A procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space to relieve pressure on the lungs and improve breathing.

Partial-thickness burns - Burns that involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, often causing blistering and significant pain.

Gunshot wound - An injury caused by a bullet fired from a gun, often requiring surgery and trauma care.

Endotracheal tube - A tube inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway, often used in surgeries or in critically ill patients.

Suctioning - Removing secretions from the airway using a suction device is necessary for patients unable to clear their own airways.

Cardiology consult - A referral to a cardiologist for evaluation and treatment of heart-related issues such as arrhythmias or heart failure.

Atropine - A medication used to increase heart rate, especially in cases of bradycardia or during resuscitation.

Blood transfusion - The process of transferring blood or blood products into a person’s circulation, commonly used to treat severe anemia or blood loss.

Hypovolemic shock - Shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss, requiring rapid fluid replacement to restore circulation.

Fluid resuscitation - Administering fluids to replace lost volume in shock patients is essential for maintaining blood pressure and organ perfusion.

Cardiogenic shock - Shock caused by the heart’s inability to pump enough blood, often seen after a heart attack.

Anaphylactic reaction - A severe allergic reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, swelling, and a drop in blood pressure.

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) - A lung condition that causes difficulty breathing, often requiring mechanical ventilation for support.

Burns - Injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation, often requiring specialized wound care and pain management.

CT scan - An imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the body, often used to diagnose internal injuries or conditions.

Urticaria - Hives, an allergic reaction causing red, itchy welts on the skin.

Stridor - A high-pitched sound heard during breathing, indicating an obstruction in the airway.

Tachypnea - Rapid breathing, often seen in respiratory distress or metabolic acidosis.

Angioedema - Swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often as a result of an allergic reaction.

Arterial blood gases (ABG) - A blood test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, used to assess respiratory function.

Serosanguineous drainage - Drainage that is pink or blood-tinged, common in healing wounds.

Increased heart rate (Tachycardia) - An abnormally fast heart rate, often a sign of dehydration, infection, or heart conditions.

Decreased temperature (Hypothermia) - A dangerous drop in body temperature, often seen in severe cold exposure or during surgery.

Bonfire - A large outdoor fire, typically used for warmth or as part of a celebration.

Sterile gauze - Clean, germ-free dressing material used to cover wounds and prevent infection.

Inhalation injury - Injury caused by breathing in toxic substances or hot gases, often seen in fire victims and requiring airway management.

Chemical burns - Burns caused by exposure to chemicals, requiring immediate flushing of the skin and specialized care.

Chest tube - A tube inserted into the chest to drain fluid or air, used to treat conditions like pneumothorax or pleural effusion.

Sucking chest wound - A chest wound that allows air to enter the chest cavity, potentially leading to a collapsed lung.

Central line - A catheter inserted into a large vein for medical treatment, often used for administering medications or fluids.

Nasal cannula - A device used to deliver supplemental oxygen through the nose, commonly used in patients with respiratory issues.

Dysrhythmias - Abnormal heart rhythms that can cause symptoms like palpitations, dizziness, or fainting.

Pre-oxygenation - Administering oxygen before a medical procedure to prevent hypoxia during the procedure.

Antidysrhythmic medication - Medication used to treat abnormal heart rhythms, helping to restore a normal heart rate and rhythm.

Blood transfusion reaction - An adverse reaction to a blood transfusion, potentially causing fever, chills, and other symptoms.

Pulmonary artery wedge pressure - Pressure in the pulmonary artery, used to assess heart function and fluid balance.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) - The average pressure in the arteries during one cardiac cycle, a key indicator of organ perfusion.

Anaphylactic shock - A severe allergic reaction causing a drop in blood pressure, requiring immediate treatment with epinephrine.

Myocardial infarction (Heart attack) - A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to heart damage and requiring emergency care.

Nitroglycerin - A medication used to relieve chest pain by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow to the heart.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) - A test that records the electrical activity of the heart, used to diagnose arrhythmias and heart attacks.

Spinal shock - Temporary loss of reflexes and sensation below the level of a spinal cord injury, often seen immediately after trauma.

Autonomic dysreflexia - A dangerous rise in blood pressure caused by a spinal cord injury, requiring immediate treatment to prevent complications.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - An autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs, causing inflammation and tissue damage.

Hepatitis vaccine - A vaccine to prevent hepatitis infection, often given to protect against liver disease.

End-stage liver disease - The final stage of liver disease with severe liver damage, often leading to liver failure and requiring transplantation.

Neurogenic shock - Shock caused by damage to the nervous system, leading to low blood pressure and organ dysfunction.

Arteriovenous fistula - A surgical connection between an artery and a vein, often used for dialysis access.

Epoetin alfa (Epogen) - A medication used to treat anemia by stimulating the production of red blood cells.

Sinus bradycardia - A slow heart rate originating from the sinus node, often requiring monitoring and sometimes treatment.

Decorticate posturing - Abnormal body posture with arms flexed and legs extended, seen in severe brain injuries.

Decerebrate posturing - Abnormal body posture with arms and legs extended, indicating severe brain damage.

Respiratory status - The condition of a person’s breathing, assessed through oxygen levels, breathing rate, and lung sounds.

Ventilator alarms - Alarms on a ventilator that indicate a problem with the machine or the patient’s breathing.

Manual ventilation - Assisted breathing using a bag-valve-mask device, often used in emergencies when a patient is not breathing adequately.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - An emergency procedure to restore blood circulation and breathing in a person who has stopped breathing or whose heart has stopped beating.

Pneumothorax - A collapsed lung caused by air entering the pleural space, requiring treatment to re-expand the lung.

Absent breath sounds - A lack of sound when listening to the lungs with a stethoscope, indicating conditions like pneumothorax or severe lung disease.

Fluid volume deficit - A condition characterized by low blood volume, often due to dehydration or blood loss.

Colonoscopy - A procedure to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities, such as polyps or cancer.

Tuna sandwich on wheat bread - A healthy sandwich option made with tuna and whole wheat bread, providing protein and fiber.

Grilled chicken sandwich on white bread - A sandwich made with grilled chicken and white bread, offering a lean protein option.

Grilled cheese sandwich - A sandwich made with melted cheese between two slices of bread, commonly enjoyed as a comfort food.

Ham and bean soup - A nutritious soup made with ham and beans, providing protein and fiber.

Cardiac enzymes - Proteins released into the blood when the heart is damaged, used to diagnose heart attacks.

Damage to the myocardium - Injury to the heart muscle, often caused by a heart attack or other cardiac conditions.