NR-576 Final Exam

30 June 2024

NR-576 Differential Diagnosis in Adult-Gerontology Primary Care

Final Exam (Newly Updated)

Question:

What is sensorineural hearing loss

Answer:

Results from deterioration of cochlea

  • Loss of hair cells from the organ of Corti
  • Gradual and progressive
  • Not correctable but preventable

Question:

What is conductive hearing loss

Answer:

Obstruction between middle and outer ear

  • Most types are reversible

Question:

Triad symptoms associated with Meniere’s disease

Answer:

Sensory disorder of labyrinth (semi-circular canal system) and cochlea

  • S/S:
    • Vertigo
    • Hearing loss
    • Tinnitus

Question:

Symptoms associated with peritonsillar abscess

Answer:

Increasing unilateral ear and throat pain ipsilateral to the affected tonsil

  • Dysphagia
  • Drooling
  • Trismus
  • Erythema
  • Edema of the soft palate with fluctuance on palpation

Question:

Most common cause of viral pharyngitis

Answer:

Adenovirus: MOST common

  • RSV

**- Influenza A&B

  • Epstein-Barr
  • Coxsackie
  • Enteroviruses
  • Herpes simplex**

Question:

Most common cause of acute N/V

Answer:

Gastroenteritis

Question:

The importance of obtaining an abdominal x-ray to rule out perforation or obstruction even though the diagnosis of diverticulitis can be made clinically

Answer:

Abdominal x-ray films should be obtained on all patients with suspected diverticulitis to look for free air (indicating perforation), ileus, or obstruction

Question:

Discuss colon cancer screening recommendations relative to certain populations

Answer:

Anyone over age 50 should have a routine c-scope

  • African Americans should start screenings at age 40
  • Individuals with a single first-degree relative with CRC or advanced adenomas diagnosed at age ≥60 years can be screened like average-risk persons.

Red flag symptoms should be sent to GI

  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Diffuse lower abdomen pain
  • New onset diarrhea/constipation
  • Early satiety
  • Loss of appetite

Question:

Identify at least two disorders that are considered to be disorders related to conductive hearing loss

Answer:

  • Chronic Otitis Media (OM)
  • Middle ear effusion
  • Mass
  • Vascular anomaly
  • Cholesteatoma - abnormal noncancerous skin growth in ear canal

Question:

Identify the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis

Answer:

  • Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS)
  • Absence of cough
  • Tonsillar exudates